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# <pre># This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.# This file also includes Pacific islands.# Notes are at the end of this file################################################################################ Australia# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]# Northern TerritoryZone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb9:00 - CST 1899 May9:30 Aus CST# Western Australia## Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul8:00 AW WSTZone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul8:45 AW CWST# Queensland## From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after# Queensland ceased to.## From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,# so use Lindeman.## Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 189510:00 Aus EST 197110:00 AQ ESTZone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 189510:00 Aus EST 197110:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul10:00 Holiday EST# South Australia# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb9:00 - CST 1899 May9:30 Aus CST 19719:30 AS CST# Tasmania## From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml># says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.## Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:0010:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb10:00 Aus EST 196710:00 AT ESTZone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:0010:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul10:00 AT EST# Victoria# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb10:00 Aus EST 197110:00 AV EST# New South Wales# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb10:00 Aus EST 197110:00 AN ESTZone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 239:00 - CST 1899 May9:30 Aus CST 19719:30 AN CST 20009:30 AS CST# Lord Howe Island# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb10:00 - EST 1981 Mar10:30 LH LHST# Australian miscellany## Ashmore Is, Cartier# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers# no times are set## Coral Sea Is# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists# no times are set## Macquarie# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917# like Australia/Hobart# Christmas# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time# Cook Is# From Shanks & Pottenger:# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HSRule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time-10:00 Cook CK%sT# Cocos# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 19006:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time# Fiji# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.## "Daylight savings to commence this month"# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"># http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719# </a># or# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"># http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html# </a># From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved# amendments:# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"># http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml# </a># From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).## Official source:# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"># http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166# </a>## A bit more background info here:# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"># http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html# </a># From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"># http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155# </a># or# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"># http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html# </a># From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).## <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"># www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155# </a># which says# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to# 2am on February 26 next year.# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.## <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"># http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155# </a># states:## The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start# on the 23rd of October, 2011.# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155## From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 SRule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 SRule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 SRule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time# French Polynesia# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier TimeZone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct-9:30 - MART # Marquesas TimeZone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;# it is uninhabited.# Guam# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 319:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time# Kiribati# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is TimeZone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time-11:00 - PHOT 199513:00 - PHOTZone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time-10:00 - LINT 199514:00 - LINT# N Mariana Is# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 319:43:00 - LMT 19019:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 2310:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time# Marshall Is# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 190111:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time12:00 - MHTZone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 190111:00 - MHT 1969 Oct-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time12:00 - MHT# Micronesia# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 190110:00 - CHUT # Chuuk TimeZone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei TimeZone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 190111:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time12:00 - KOST 199911:00 - KOST# Nauru# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 1511:30 - NRT 1979 May12:00 - NRT# New Caledonia# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 SRule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 1311:00 NC NC%sT################################################################################ New Zealand# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 SRule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 MRule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 SRule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 MRule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 MRule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 SRule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 DRule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 DRule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 SRule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 SRule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 DRule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 DRule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 SRule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 SRule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 DRule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 DRule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 DRule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 DRule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 SRule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 SRule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 DRule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 DRule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 SRule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 211:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 112:00 NZ NZ%sTZone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 112:45 Chatham CHA%sT# Auckland Is# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,# and scientific personnel have wintered# Campbell I# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914# scientific station operated 1941/1995;# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered# was probably like Pacific/Auckland################################################################################ Niue# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1-11:00 - NUT# Norfolk# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time# Palau (Belau)# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror9:00 - PWT # Palau Time# Papua New Guinea# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 18809:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time# Pitcairn# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time# American SamoaZone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5-11:22:48 - LMT 1911-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa# Samoa# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received# the following info:## "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first# Sunday of April 2011."## Background info:# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"># http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html# </a>## Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not# contain any dates:# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"># http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf# </a># From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):# Please see# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"># http://www.mcil.gov.ws# </a>,# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"># www.mcil.gov.ws# </a>## PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME## Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).## The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).## Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line## <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"># http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963# </a># From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:## International Date Line Bill 2011## AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date# Line, and for related purposes.## BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament# assembled as follows:## 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.## [snip]## 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.## 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that# it defines Samoa standard time....# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"># http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html# </a>## here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change## DST# Year End Time Start Time# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -## Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours## Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.## From Nicky (2012-09-10):# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.## Please find link below for more information.# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html## That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.# Western Samoa# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 DRule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5-11:26:56 - LMT 1911-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time-11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26-11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00-11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00-11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 3013:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:0013:00 WS WS%sT# Solomon Is# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time# Tokelau Is## From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping# December 31 this year ...## From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change# actually was to UTC-11 back then.## From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger# are off by an hour starting in 1901.# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901-11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time13:00 - TKT# Tonga# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 SRule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 SRule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 190112:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time13:00 - TOT 199913:00 Tonga TO%sT# Tuvalu# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 190112:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time# US minor outlying islands# Howland, Baker# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;# uninhabited thereafter.# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935# until they were abandoned after the war.# Jarvis# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;# uninhabited thereafter.# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati# Johnston# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST# Kingman# uninhabited# Midway## From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone# designations that I've never seen before:....# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "#Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901-11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3-11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa# Palmyra# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati# Wake# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 190112:00 - WAKT # Wake Time# Vanuatu# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/SRule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 SRule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 SRule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 SRule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time# Wallis and Futuna# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 190112:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time################################################################################ NOTES# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).## Gwillim Law writes that a good source# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries# of the IATA's data after 1990.## Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.## Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which# I found in the UCLA library.## A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).## I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.# Corrections are welcome!# std dst# LMT Local Mean Time# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*# 9:00 JST Japan# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia# 10:00 ChST Chamorro# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*# -11:00 SST Samoa# -10:00 HST Hawaii# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*## See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.################################################################################ Australia# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"># Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"># Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the# abbreviation does _not_ change...# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight# time'.# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time># And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml># From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"# versus "AEST" etc.:## I see the following points of dispute:## * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?## Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.## On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.## * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?## Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard# Time, for example.## Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a# tiebreaker.## * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with# the word "Australian"?## My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the# following count of page hits:## 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au## Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.## For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here# are the hit counts anyway:## 161,304 "EST" and domain:au# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au## 14,538 "CST" and domain:au# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au# 176 "ACST" and domain:au# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au## 7,539 "WST" and domain:au# 68 "AWST" and domain:au## This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given# the ambiguities involved.## * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?## If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and# understood in Australia.# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):## Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more# relevant entries in this database.## NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"># Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)# </a># ACT# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"># Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972# </a># SA# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"># Standard Time Act, 1898# </a># From David Grosz (2005-06-13):# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.## From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan# to extend DST together in 2006.# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles# allude to it.# But not Queensland# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.# Northern Territory# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]# # [ Nov 1990 ]# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.# ...# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.# Western Australia# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]# # [ Nov 1990 ]# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus# # before reaching parliament.# ...# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST# ...# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at# work at 9.00am.)# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse# everybody again.# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;# it matches what was used in the past.# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"># The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.# Queensland# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]# # [ Dec 1990 ]# ...# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST# ...# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from# October 1989).# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised# me.)# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...# ...# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S# ...# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):# WA are trialing DST for three years.# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf># From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South# Australia and Western Australia....## From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):# This is confirmed by the section entitled# "What's the deal with time zones???" in# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.## From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern# coast of the continent.## I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is# the largest population centre in this zone....## Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.## (2006-12-09):# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the# introduction of standard time in 1895.# southeast Australia## From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html# South Australia# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]# # [ Nov 1990 ]# ...# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST# ...# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival# is on...# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.# Tasmania# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]# # [ Nov 1990 ]# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia# (but nothing new about that).# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000# instead of the first Sunday in October.# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.# Victoria# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]# # [ Nov 1990 ]# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located# in Melbourne, Australia.## Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the# expected time.## However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.## [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.# New South Wales# From Arthur David Olson:# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.# Based on law library research by John Mackin,# who notes:# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the# legislation. This is very important to understand.# I have researched New South Wales time only...# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"># Two months more daylight saving# </a># Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):# See the following official NSW source:# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"># Daylight Saving in New South Wales.# </a>## Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of# daylight saving next year. See:# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"># Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.## Victoria will following NSW. See:# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"># Vic to extend daylight saving# </a> (1999-07-28).## However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"># South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request# </a> (1999-07-19).## Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"># Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''## Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"># Broken Hill to be behind the times# </a> (1999-07-21).# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW# towns to use Queensland time.# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.# Yancowinna# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]# # [ Dec 1990 ]# ...# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not# # presently available.# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST# ...# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C# [followed by other Rules]# Lord Howe Island# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]# [ Dec 1990 ]# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an# hour ahead of NSW time.# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009# summer (southern hemisphere).## From# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"># http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf# </a># The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...## We have a wrap-up here:# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"># http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html# </a>################################################################################ New Zealand# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]# # [ Nov 1990 ]# ...# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S# ...# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989# rather than the October 1 value.# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.## From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.## For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended################################################################################ Fiji# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new# millenium.# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.# Johnston# Johnston data is from usno1995.# Kiribati# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.# Kwajalein# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.# N Mariana Is, Guam# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;# see Asia/Manila.# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".# Micronesia# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''## Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"># The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information# </a> (1999-01-26)# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.# Midway# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to# air at 6am your time.## From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years# in Midway, but we have no record of it.# Pitcairn# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.## The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known# as Pitcairn Standard Time.## ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation# somehow in light of this proclamation.# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998# ... at midnight.# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.# Samoa# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''# Tonga# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"># How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'# </a>:# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).## Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.## But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40# minutes we have lost?"## The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth# to say your prayers in the morning."# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan# Government.# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):# * Tonga will introduce DST in November## I was given this link by John Letts:# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"># http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm# </a>## I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead# (12 + 1 hour DST).# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"># http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html# </a>:# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and# set back an hour on the closing date."# Alas, no indication of the time of day.# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one# hour to 1:00am.# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.# Wake# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):## Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost# impossible.## http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.################################################################################ The International Date Line# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):## The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.## When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the# correct date is ambiguous.# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many# independent merchant ships until World War II.# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen# (2005-03-20):## The American Practical Navigator (2002)# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187># talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in# international waters; it ignores the international date line.